Wine is made up of approximately 85% water and 12-16% alcohol (mostly ethanol, but also glycerol, sorbitol, butylene glycol, and methanol).
It also contains carbohydrates (glucose and fructose), acids (tartaric, citric, acetic, lactic, malic, and so on), and phenolic compounds (tannins and anthocyanins).
We can also find mineral substances (anions – negative ions, cations – positive ions, and metals) such as potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, and many organic chemicals.
Wine can also contain a variety of authorized additives (usually harmless to consumers), including sulfur (SO2).
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